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唐代前期河西州县城城防研究: 作者： 张向红 来源： 西北师范大学 年份： 2010 文献类型： 学位论文 关键词： 河西州县城 唐代前期 城防; 描述： ch as the important town of the Silk Road, multi-ethnic coexistence and the border district administrative center. In order to ensure normal exchange between the East and the West, frequent contact among ethnicities, and effective administration in He-xi area, it was extremely essential to establish city defense. Therefore, the Tang government built the city defense system that was mainly military defense and based on social balance. Mainly included the screen protective system of Army, Shouzhuo, City, Town, Shu, etc., which had some focal point and very wide and located out of the cities; Three layers external protective system that was composed of a deep ditch to round every city, sheep and horses cities, city wall; Multiple structure system such Luo city(outer city), Zi city(inner city), fang(residential area), Shi(markets), and so on; Garrison inside cities and out of locality system; Feng, Yi and other information systems; General's office person of ability system; Warehouse reserve and social balance system. Because of the important geographical position strategic and the special social security problem, the He-xi Prefecture and county city defense had formed Trinity characteristic with the national defense and the security defense. The city defense soldiers had a hand in Tuntian to bring about He-xi area’s agricultural advance; A large number of people of city defense formed the consumer market, had promoted the prosperity of the commerce; The city defense ensured traffic and military assistance, made He-xi Prefecture and county cities become the rear base to administer Central Asia. However, the city defense had its limitation, such as impotent military might at times (it offered an opportunity of Tibetan expanded in north-west area), because of the condition between the country and the locality. It, to a certain extent, had influenced on the valid function of city defense.; 全文：唐代前期,在西北地区特殊的社会环境下,河西州县城体现出丝路重镇、多民族共处地、边地行政中心等诸多特征。为保证东西方正常交流、多民族之间的频繁交往以及唐在河西地区的有效统治,城防之设极为必要。因此,唐政府构建了以军防为主、社会平衡为基础的城防体系,主要包括城外军、守捉、城、镇、戍等广阔而有重点的屏卫体系;隍堑、羊马城、城墙三重外卫体系;罗城(外城)、子城(内城)、坊(居民区)、市(市场)等多重内部结构体系;城内驻军与境外援军体系;烽、驿等信息体系;幕府人才体系;仓库储备与社会平衡体系。由于所处地理位置的战略重要性和特殊的社会安全问题,河西州县城城防形成了与国防、安防三位一体的特征。城防军士屯田,促进了农业的发展;城防大量人口形成消费市场,促进了商业的繁荣;城防保障交通和军援,使河西州县城成为唐经营西域的后方基地。然而,唐代前期由于中央与地方权力的制衡等因素,河西州县城城防也存在着诸如军防战斗力有时不强(为当时吐蕃的发展提供了可乘之机)等一些局限性,在一定程度上影响了城防作用的有效发挥。

从敦煌文书看唐代前期的和籴制度: 作者： 杨际平 来源： 中国社会经济史研究 年份： 2016 文献类型： 期刊 关键词： 军仓收附北庭都护府户部郎中贰分 唐代前期 敦煌文书唐开元当时当地实施状况; 描述： 和籴是唐代政府征集粮食的一种重要手段,与当时的国计民生,有着相当密切的关系.关于唐代前期和籴的性质和作用,史学界的意见很不一致,或认为是建立在政府强制农民基础上的一种变相赋税;或认为是政府和农民在自愿的基础上,由政府于时价外加估收购农民的剩余粮食.产生这种分歧意见的原因,一是由于史书关于和籴的记载过分简略,一是由于对现存有关和籴问题的敦煌文书理解不一.为了对唐代和籴制度的实施状况有比较全面的了解,我们认为有必要将史书记载与敦煌文书结合起来,进行全面的考察.

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