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明清及民国时期黑河流域中游地区绿洲化荒漠化时空过程研究
作者: 石亮   来源: 兰州大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 干旱区   黑河流域   明清及民国时期   绿洲化与荒漠化时空过程  
描述: had been also analyzed. The results showed that: 1. In the early Ming Dynasty, the study area had
全文:如下几点: 1.明朝占领黑河流域初期就开始了对这一地区的大规模开发,人工绿洲规模迅速扩大,此后人工绿洲规模开始逐渐萎缩;嘉靖至万历年间,明朝政府重整屯田,人工绿洲规模逐渐恢复并有所发展。 2.清朝时期
历史时期西部基本农区的变迁研究
作者: 蔡泉   来源: 西北农林科技大学 年份: 2001 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 西部地区   历史时期   农区变迁  
描述: 本文所谓西部,是现代划分法,包括了陕甘宁青新、云贵川藏渝等十个省、自治区和直辖市。 西部地区是我国的农业发源地之一。由于其重要的军事意义,早在两千多年前的周秦时期,内地王朝已开始以关中为核心农区,对广阔的西部疆域进行拓边、开发,其间历经几起几落。本文从农区衍变的角度出发,引用生态经济学和历史地理学的
全文:,进而总结出其中的规律性,为本地区在今之“西部大开发”中的进一步发展提供历史的启迪和根据。 本研究的主要结论有: 1.历史时期的西部农区开发,呈现出时间上的不连续性和地域上的不平衡性,农区与牧区不断迭
明代太仓库研究
作者: 苏新红   来源: 东北师范大学 年份: 2009 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 太仓库   年例银   北边军饷   盐法   户部   明代财政  
描述: (Tuntian,屯田 ), peasant-transported tax (Minyun, 民运) and salt monopoly, which were two thirds
全文:地位,但边镇军饷供应又并非绝对依靠太仓库年例银,屯田、民运、盐引等收入仍然是边镇军饷供应的主要组成部分。崇祯时期,边镇军饷供应演变成以依靠太仓库银为主。因此,太仓库年例银所占边镇军饷供应总额的比重呈逐步升高
曹魏两大政治集团论析
作者: 王建明   来源: 山东大学 年份: 2009 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 曹魏政治集团   汝颍   谯沛  
描述: Group headed by Cao Cao, Shuzhong Group led by Liu Bei, Jiangdong Group led by Sun Quan. The political bloc led by Cao Cao had the most abundant strength and talents came forth in large numbers. During the long-term expedition two major factions within formed: Ru一Ying Group and Qiao Pei Group. Ru-Ying Group charged civil service mainly and Qiao Pei Group was mainly made up of generals. These two groups had a long-term punitive expedition since Cao Cao fought against Dong Zhuo. Finally they unified vast areas of Northern China and carried out fruitful management, which avoided serious damage in the region by a long war and laid a good economic, political and military foundation for the unification of China in the future. Cao Cao fought against Dong Zhuo at the beginning, seizing Yanzhou, Zhangxiu, Xuhuai, Guandu, the four states, Wuhuan and Jingzhou, beat the seemingly invincible powerful opponents one after another. His forces got stronger and stronger. The two major political groups of Cao Wei supported Caocao on political and military aspects. Because these two groups represented the interests of their own, inevitably buried hidden dangers of can get on well with in adversity but can not share wealth. Ru-Ying Group is represented by the family of Han who was in the name of safeguarding the rule of the Eastern Han dynasty but to protect their interests. They can support Cao Cao's domination, but resolutely oppose his taking over Han dynasty. Qiao Pei Group on behalf of Cao Cao's family numbers who wished to gain greater benefits through Cao Cao's taking over Han dynasty. AD 209 years, The Battle of Red Cliff, which was Cao Cao's great cause of reunification of the most important ended in failure. As the highest strategic staff groups, Ru Ying Group throughout the campaign process simultaneously inconceivable aphasia, and the army of Cao Cao was defeated. Cao Cao became unable to dominate the country again in the rest of his life. This result was what Sun Quan, Liu Bei would like to see, Ru Ying Group was also willing to see it. From the historical records there was no record of staff at the Advanced Medium's death to give people the impression that Ru-Ying Group seemed to have known the defeat in advance. When Cao Cao was still alive, Qiao Pei Group holded the upper hand. But after the death of Cao Cao, Ru-Ying Group strongly supported Cao Pi to be the king. Finally Chen Qun put forward "Jiupinzhongzheng system", which established the family of Han's political monopoly. The two major political groups gradually moved towards a balance. After the death of Wei Ming King, the two major political groups split from co-operation, eventually formed a situation of endless immortality. Cao Shuang and He Yan of Qiao Pei Group were launched by Sima Yi through Gaopingling case when the situation was good. Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang and holded military and political power in the country. He cruelly blowed members of the Group Qiao Pei through a series of charges against them. Then, Jin Dynasty took place Wei. Ru-Ying Group obtained a comprehensive win. While Qiao Pei Group after its three generations with a heavy heart exit stage of history.
全文:由小到大,由弱到强。曹魏两大政治集团从政治军事上给予了曹操重大支持:挟天子以令诸侯、行屯田之法从政治、经济上占据丰动,夺兖州、征张绣、平徐淮、战官渡、定四州、征乌桓、占荆州,军事上占据有利位置。 曹魏集团
隋唐时期青海草原战争与生态环境研究
作者: 来霞霞   来源: 陕西师范大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 生态环境   吐谷浑   吐蕃   青海草原  
描述: t Territories distributed a few mature Minority forces,for example: TuYuhun, Tibet, Party items.
全文:的青海草原恢复起来就更加困难,很可能使那一地区的草场荒漠化或沙化。在战争中火烧草原的方法也屡见不鲜,再加上一定程度的屯田开垦,对青海草原尤其是青海东部地区的生态环境造成一定程度的破坏。农牧交替的频繁
隋唐时期青海草原战争与生态环境研究
作者: 来霞霞   来源: 陕西师范大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 生态环境   吐谷浑   吐蕃   青海草原  
描述: t Territories distributed a few mature Minority forces,for example: TuYuhun, Tibet, Party items.
全文:的青海草原恢复起来就更加困难,很可能使那一地区的草场荒漠化或沙化。在战争中火烧草原的方法也屡见不鲜,再加上一定程度的屯田开垦,对青海草原尤其是青海东部地区的生态环境造成一定程度的破坏。农牧交替的频繁
汉代农业生产管理研究
作者: 黄富成   来源: 南京农业大学 年份: 2007 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 农耕文明   小农经济   农业技术   汉代   农业生产   政府管理  
描述: 农业是自然再生产和社会再生产的统一,是社会经济的基础,是整个古代世界具有决定性的生产部门。两汉时期,为巩固集权统治地位,政府加强了对社会经济干预的程度,农业生产和发展的各种资源性要素,如土地配置、人口流动、技术传播、铁器布控、经济交流乃至农本文化的宣教、农田开发等因受集权政府政治、经济发展的战略及制
全文:管理多是政府直接控制的各种农业生产资源,收入直接归中央大农或少府;武帝时的屯田开荒、农田水利及告缗田的开发等,大多由中央大农等直接管理,税入大农。农官系统只负责经济税赋征收而不治民。地方职官对农业生产
中国古代粮食安全问题研究
作者: 吴宾   来源: 西北农林科技大学 年份: 2007 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 古代粮食安全   粮食流通、粮食仓储   农业生产   粮食政策  
描述: 粮食安全关系国家安全和社会稳定,不仅是政治问题,也是经济问题。在传统农业社会中,历朝历代无不把粮食问题摆在治国安邦的重要位置,有“洪范八政,食为政首”之称,并在全社会形成了重农重储的观念和风尚。封建王朝从意识形态、农业生产、粮食仓储、流通、政策等领域加强粮食的供应和保障,积累和形成了相当丰富的有关粮
全文:方式,通过减少政府开支、整肃吏治、鼓励生育、减轻灾民负担等措施,来降低了古代粮食风险,形成了仓储救荒理论和灾荒预防理论。另外对古代国家粮食的相关政策如平准制度、土地税赋制度以及水利建设、屯田等方面展开论述。
明清时期巢湖流域农业发展研究
作者: 陈恩虎   来源: 南京农业大学 年份: 2009 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 农业经济   农业发展   明清   巢湖流域  
描述: 区域农业经济研究是目前经济史研究的热门课题,至今已有许多成果问世。相对而言,巢湖流域农业经济的研究较为滞后,并且研究领域和成果比较分散,尚未形成全面、系统的研究体系,其主要原因应当是学术界常常会以明清时代的巢湖流域与全国其他区域相比不具备“典型性”为由,漠视了对巢湖流域的经济研究。因此,努力填补明清
全文:中的比较法,分析巢湖流域与安徽省其它区域、本地区前后期的关系、异同和兴衰。选题研究的主干性材料为地方志、家谱一类的地方文献,并充分发掘现存的文书资料,对《徽州千年契约文书·清民国编》第1卷和第2卷收
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