中国古代水能利用研究

作者： 许臻   来源： 南京农业大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 自然资源   水能利用   农业科技史   机械史  

描述： ll use of such a resource.

全文：简单的手段进行水能利用。春秋战国,伴随着古代哲学思想的成熟及社会生产的需要,引水、调水、控水等水能利用原理及手段已经广泛运用于各个领域。至汉代,水能机械的发明标志着水能利用取得了根本性的进步。魏晋以后

中国北方地区节水农作制度研究

作者： 王婧   来源： 沈阳农业大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 北方地区   节水   节水技术   节水农作制度   种植模式  

描述： ium between the grain production and water resource: the drought and the irrigation area in northeast china, the drought and the irrigation region in Huanghuaihai area, the drought and the irrigation area in northwest china.The article analized the characteristic of water using of the main crops and the main cropping systems, compared the economic benefit of the water-saving planting patterns, studied the economic benefit, the water-saving benefit and participatory farmers survey results etc. of the water-saving technologies.

全文：节水种植模式的产量与节水效益,分析各区主要节水技术的节水效果、经济效益与参与式农民调查结果,主要结论如下: (1)东北灌区面临的主要问题是如何提高农业水资源的利用率,主要通过节水技术的应用与推广来实现

黄土高原坡耕地不同耕作模式生态效应研究

作者： 杨凯   来源： 西北农林科技大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 耕作模式   黄土高原   坡耕地   生态效应  

描述： teau the seeding season is cold and little rainfall. Soil temperature,moisture and fertilizer is an important factor in crop yield. So in this area dissemination conservation tillage of importance. Most of former researches in comparison between conservation tillage and conventional tillage. This experimentation compare with sereval conservation tillage's difference. Through this comparison, wind-water erosion in the Loess Plateau ecologically fragile areas and application of a reasonable choice of different measures to provide a reference of farming with a view to achieving the sustainable and health development of agriculture. In this study, selection of test sites in the Loess Plateau in northern China typical wind-water erosion area Shenmu, a no-tillage, straw mulch, plastic film mulching, mulching ridge, ridge of the five kinds of different measures of conservation tillage experiment, observe ground temperature,soil nutrients,soil moisture,yeild and soil and water loss.

全文：黄土高原是我国水土流失的重灾区,而坡耕地更是保水保肥能力低下,同时黄土高原地区播种季节气温低,降雨稀少,而土壤温度、水分和养分对作物的生长和产量由有重要的影响。在该地区进行基于保护性耕作原理的农业防

中国古代土壤改良技术研究

作者： 陈凡学   来源： 南京农业大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 中国古代   农业技术   土壤改良  

描述： eat attention to adopting various techniques to improve soil quality when plowing the soil, so that the soil could keep sustainable fertility and high rate of yield.

全文：方面的认识有土壤结构、有机质、吸收性能、盐碱性等四个方面,这些认识是改良土壤的重要前提。施用粪肥是中国古代土壤改良技术之一。古代“粪壤论”与当代土壤培肥,意义上基本一致。古代土壤施肥技术是一个整体

干旱半干旱地区农田灌溉节水治理模式及其绩效研究

作者： 刘涛   来源： 南京农业大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 灌溉   效率   用水者协会   制度建设   自主治理  

描述： the world's resource is 6%, but the average water resource to the world's average level is just 1

全文：中国面临着严重的水短缺问题,尤其是西北干旱半干旱地区。我国淡水资源总量占全球水资源的6%,但人均占有量仅为世界平均水平的1／4、美国的1／5,在世界上名列121位,是全球13个人均水资源最贫乏的国家

中国古代农业灾害防减体系研究

作者： 邵侃   来源： 西北农林科技大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 农业灾害史   农业灾荒文献   减灾技术   灾荒赈救   灾害预防  

描述： n the 1920s when China was called “the Land of Famine” by an American relief worker, the phrase immediately gained currency.

全文：民在承受各种灾害打击的同时,也开始了认识灾害、防治灾害的探索和实践,采取了各种积极的措施防灾抗灾,取得了巨大的成就,主要表现在救荒制度建设和减灾技术进步两个方面。本文以历史时期的抗灾救荒活动为基本

中国古代农业灾害防减体系研究

作者： 邵侃   来源： 西北农林科技大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 农业灾害史   农业灾荒文献   减灾技术   灾荒赈救   灾害预防  

描述： n the 1920s when China was called “the Land of Famine” by an American relief worker, the phrase immediately gained currency.

全文：民在承受各种灾害打击的同时,也开始了认识灾害、防治灾害的探索和实践,采取了各种积极的措施防灾抗灾,取得了巨大的成就,主要表现在救荒制度建设和减灾技术进步两个方面。本文以历史时期的抗灾救荒活动为基本

中国古代农业灾害防减体系研究

作者： 邵侃   来源： 西北农林科技大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 农业灾害史   农业灾荒文献   减灾技术   灾荒赈救   灾害预防  

描述： n the 1920s when China was called “the Land of Famine” by an American relief worker, the phrase immediately gained currency.

全文：民在承受各种灾害打击的同时,也开始了认识灾害、防治灾害的探索和实践,采取了各种积极的措施防灾抗灾,取得了巨大的成就,主要表现在救荒制度建设和减灾技术进步两个方面。本文以历史时期的抗灾救荒活动为基本

历史时期青海地区自然灾害与区域社会经济发展研究

作者： 刘雯   来源： 西北农林科技大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 青海地区   自然灾害   历史时期   社会效应  

描述： e distinctive features in Western and Eastern of Qinghai's natural disaster in history which based on the historical materials and studied the Interaction Relationship Between the natural disasters and social-economic development, we used the theory and analysis method from the research area of disaster history and agricultural history, try to have a comprehensive investigation between the natural disasters and social-economic development in the history of Qinghai. Firstly, we divided Qinghai into two parts: the eastern and the western, under the study of the geographical features of Qinghai. We summarized the natural disaster of the eastern part mainly as flood, drought, hailstone and frost with distinctive features of variety, continuity and growth accompany while the western is mainly as earthquake and snow disaster with distinctive features of unexpected and severity. Secondly ， as the great influence on agriculture and the resulting changement in agriculture is most profound, so the progress in agriculture sciences is related to withstand the natural disaster in some ways. The paper discussed the natural disasters affected Qinghai's agriculture in history, from the aspect of seed selection 、 production 、 processing and storage to invest the development of mitigation techniques in this area. And for the livestock we investigated in two sides bred of livestock and prevention of livestock, furthermore we invested the mitigation techniques which full of geographical characteristics. Thirdly, the article investigated the relationship between natural disasters and the economic fluctuation in Qinghai from the perspective of the change in population and grain price. And then, we analyzed the influence on regional industrial structure from the aspect of expansion in rural areas, the relationship between agriculture and animal husbandry, disaster-relief crop introduction and the structure of animal species. In the view of pastoral economic exchange, we studied the interaction relationship between the natural disasters and economic development. Finally, we studied the interaction relationship between the natural disasters and social development in Qinghai. What is more, we analyzed the policy which includes grain storage, relieved and help the people in disaster , reduced taxes to control the disaster in history. We wish these could be helpful to the prevention and control of natural disasters in Qinghai today.

全文：地区自然灾害对农业发展的影响,进而探讨历史时期青海自然灾害与该地区经济和社会发展之间的互动关系。 首先,将历史时期青海地区的自然灾害分为东部和西部分别进行论述,并总结归纳出历史上青海东部以水、旱、雹、霜

清末民初关中地区的农田水利纠纷及其解决途径

作者： 赵淑清   来源： 陕西师范大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 清末民初   关中地区   解决途径   农田水利纠纷   特征  

描述： society. The central Shaanxi Province lies in the northwest inner-land, lacking in water resources. Although there have been major farmland irrigation projects and perfect management system in the Qin and Han Dynasty, the times of the Sui and Tang Dynasty, the situation of water depletion could not be changed radically.

全文：加剧了用水矛盾。迫于生存压力,人们不惜一切代价争水,水利纠纷事件频频发生,这在以前任何时期都是没有过的,究其原因十分复杂。 本文以清末民初关中地区农田水利纠纷案例为出发点,利用官方统计资料、官方档案