关键词
文明传播视野的汉代河西开发
作者: 刘俊玲   来源: 青海师范大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 河西   汉代   开发   文明  
描述: ral environments make the cultural dissemination possible. In archeological materials we can see plenty of Neolithic culture and Bronze culture,which may be nomads. Ywati, Wusun, Hun were lived here.Befor Han Dynastie ,the area was regarded as wild and woolly place.the Hun sprang up during Qin and Han Dynastie, Gansu Corridor became more and more imporant in military and politics affairs. After the establish of Western Han Dynasty ,the imperium rehabilitated for tens of years . Emperor han wudi change the plant to the Hun. I n the second year of yuanshou of Emperor han wudi(121BC),Huoqubing go on an expedition to Gansu Corridor,and wan,because the Hunye king killed the Xiutu king . The Hunye king surrenderred and leaded his man about 40000 .This is significant to the history of culture diaaemination. From then on,Han culture hold the dominant position in the war.The pattern of dissemination were war,politics and valueas.And the policy which Han made decision of the dissemination and the speed. After long time Interaction,the two change the hisroy of this area.Although some rejection and degradation happened,the new trail was certainty. Agricultural civilization took new tools to the area,and finally the Silk Road was freely.It made a contribution to culture dissemination.However,the aggressive e x p a n s i o n m a d e t h e immigrate and armies too huge,and led the crisis of ecologyand resource. Qiang civilians uprising during the Eastern Han Dynastie made the land desertificated. The process was not at one stroke,but a long time. Rely on force was to set up a unified ,multinational country.
全文:河西走廊位于农耕文明和游牧文明的交叉地带,具有文明传播的特殊的自然和人文基础。据考古资料显示,河西走廊曾经创造了丰富多彩的新石器和青铜文化,孕育了游牧经济。大月氏、乌孙和匈奴先后在河西活动。汉代以前的河西被视为蛮夷之地,秦汉时期随着匈奴的崛起,河西开始显示其军事政治的重要性。西汉建立后,随着几十年的休养生息,内地经济实力的增强,从汉武帝开始对匈奴的战略发生根本变化。元狩二年(公元前121年)汉武帝命霍去病将兵远征河西,匈奴浑邪王杀休屠王,率部四万余人归汉。河西归汉在汉文明传播河西过程中起着里程碑式的意义。从此,汉文明在与游牧文明的对峙中开始居于上峰,并通过军事传播、政治传播、文化传播来开拓这一新的农业区。传播方式既有激烈的战争,循序渐进的政治体制移植,也有潜移默化的农业文化、价值观的传播。可以说,居于文明传播主导地位的汉王朝的军事、政治、文化政策决定了文明传播的速度和方向。游牧民族和汉族通过物质上和精神上的长期磨合,开创了河西农业文明的历史。尽管在接触和磨合的过程中出现了文明的拒斥与文明的退化,但是在总体上河西仍朝着一个新的历史轨迹前进。 农业文明向河西传播的过程带去了先进的生产技术,建立了新的生产技术体系,同时也保证了丝绸之路的畅通,为中外文明传播作出了积极的贡献;但是,农业文明的大肆扩张,也使得河西出现了前所未有的生态和资源危机。随着河西屯田的进行,移民和戍卒大量涌入这个资源原本并不丰富的地区,水资源、森林、草原资源被人为的破坏,河西开始荒漠化。到东汉后期,羌民起义,农耕民族有退出河西之举,抛弃屯田,这样荒漠化进一步推进,为河西的生态发展带来隐患。 文明的传播不是一蹴而就的,而是一个漫长的历史过程。汉代河西开发在很大程度上是靠武力来实现的,因此不免存在着代表先进生产力的强势民族对生产水平低下的弱势民族的压制,而总体上这种传播是文明的同化——一体化和统一的多民族国家的建构。
气候变暖趋势甘肃省粮食供需问题研究
作者: 王海强   来源: 甘肃农业大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 甘肃省   粮食供需   气候变暖  
描述: Climate change have been one of the most important factors that influence the global development.
全文:通过分析气候变暖对甘肃省各个地区粮食生产的影响,得出气温上升与降水量变化对各地区粮食产量与粮食种植结构的影响,并对气候变暖的长期趋势如何保障甘肃省粮食安全提出了对策建议。本文主要结论和对策如下: 1
西迁背景的锡伯族戏曲“汗都春”研究
作者: 肖学俊   来源: 中央音乐学院 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 西迁   锡伯族   多重认同   族群意识  
描述: This thesis is a special study on Handucun, traditional opera of Sibe ethnic community of Chabuchaer, Yili Zhou Autonomous Region of Xinjiang.
全文:本论文是对新疆伊犁察布查尔县的锡伯族群民间戏曲艺术汗都春所进行的专题研究。论文的写作是在充分了解和掌握已有研究成果和资料的基础上,通过本人较为深入的田野工作,对汗都春艺术及相关文化背景进行了全面的考察和采录基础上完成的。论文从历史学、音乐学、戏剧戏曲学、文化人类学、语言学、民俗学等角度,力求对汗都春作出历史的梳理、艺术的分析和文化的解释。 论文的基本框架和内容是:锡伯民族的历史、文化及民俗概说;汗都春的历史与现状梳理;平调与越调艺术特征研究;汗都春与新疆小曲子的对比分析;对汗都春现象的文化解释;有关锡伯族群传统文化的传承性保护建议。 论文所呈现的创造性成果和新的学术见解主要包括:对汗都春的来源及各种称谓作了较为清晰的描述,首次找出汗都春(handucun)一词的源头并对其涵义作出注解:通过实证,明确了汗都春之平调声腔源于我国西北地区移居新疆的汉、回艺人传入的曲艺和戏曲艺术,纠正了同时存在的平调“源于东北”之观点;较为详尽地描述了锡伯族群各个社区汗都春(平调和越调)传承的历史与现状,采录到了现有的曲牌和部分剧目,收集到了不少珍贵的历史音响和60余部剧本;首次将汗都春与同源剧种新疆小曲子作了全面比较,强调了汗都春作为新疆曲子剧的一个具有独立意义的分支的基本标志和特殊的历史与文化意义;笔者根据所获历史音响及本人所采访的录音,为汗都春90个曲牌中的84个作了重新记谱,自认为是比较客观和准确的;在论文的重点研究部分即第五章“汗都春现象的文化解释”中,通过对锡伯族历史上在与蒙古族、满族、俄罗斯民族、汉族等强势民族以及维吾尔族、哈萨克族等周边民族的文化碰撞中所持有的多重文化认同,以及西迁新疆后所体现出的强烈的族群意识和文化自觉的观察和剖析,指出了汗都春现象背后的文化机理所在,即锡伯族群所具有的“兼容并蓄、不失本我”的文化品格。用锡伯族群这一族性特征来解释汗都春现象的产生,应该是本文所努力作出的学术探索并可望从中提出新的见解。
小麦蓝矮病植原体β-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶基因的分离、序列分析与致病性测定
作者: 张珏   来源: 西北农林科技大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 致病性   1   植物病毒表达载体   β   4   原核表达   小麦蓝矮病植原体   内切葡聚糖酶  
描述: Northwest China, this disease was transmitted by Psammotettix striatus in a distinct way.
全文:持久方式专化性传播。表现病症的叶片多为黄化,植株矮缩,叶片厚硬,造成减产,严重时全田发病绝收,极大威胁小麦产量。因此,小麦蓝矮病的研究和防治意义重大。β-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶(FrvX)是一类由真菌
中国彩陶纹样在包装设计中的视觉心理应用研究
作者: 宋志明   来源: 河北师范大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 二维图形   设计   视觉心理   中国彩陶纹样   解构重组  
描述: n graphic design work. It becomes an important means to decide the visual style. On the other hand, The art of Chinese
全文:、导航设计和动态设计,提出了在视觉心理原则引导的彩陶纹样元素的解构重组交互表现形式,令视觉心理法则的二维图形效果化,实现彩陶纹样在数字环境与赛伯环境的应用,并让用户获得独有的体验,进而产生视觉力
新疆生产建设兵团屯垦与戌边关系研究
作者: 李丽   来源: 石河子大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 戍边   关系   兵团   屯垦  
描述: a crucial componen t of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region that is under the command of the autonomous region's party committee. Its major task is to develop the local economy and to partially perform administrative and legal functions towards the corps reclamation area. It is a special political, eC01101111C, militaristic and social organization with a long history. It is also undertakes the important task of implementing strategies for production and for territorial border control. Such implementation influences both regional and national economic substantiality and social stability. This article attempts to analyze the relationship between production and border control while exploring the possible solutions for existing problems within the region, based on a historical perspective. There are three chapters in this article. The first chapter introduces the history of agricultural development and border trooping, based on the practical experiences of Han, Tang, and Qing Dynasty. The second chapter analyzes the dichotomy of agricultural production and border trooping. Border trooping needs daily rationing from agricultural production. Meanwhile, agricultural production is conditioned by border trooping. Border control is the goal ensured by agricultural productivity. However, the status of each element differs in different eras. They are the two inseparable elements. In the third chapter, the author discourses the means of adjusting border control and production according to the latest domestic and international situations. Since the socialist economic system is perfecting itself, Chinese mentality is experiencing significant changes. At the same time, the international situation changes tremendously which makes the strategic status of the region become more and more important. The production and border control mission is facing new challenges because of ethnic separatists, terrorists, and religious extremists. The article is going to provide some constructive suggestions, based on the mentioned factors. Under historically new conditions, Bingtuan, as an important part of Xinjiang, as well as a politics-military-united organization, is carrying out new tasks. To accomplish such tasks, one needs to comprehend the relationship between agricultural production and border control correctly, that is to continue both elements' growth in a firm manner. Now, the corps development is at the door step of a new historic entrance. Therefore, Bingtuan needs to increase the speed of growth of its economic society in order to perform a better contribution to the country.
全文:新疆生产建设兵团(以下简称“兵团”)是新疆维吾尔自治区的重要组成部分,它实行党政军企合一的领导体制,在自治区党委的统一领导,以经济建设为中心,依照国家和自治区的法律、法规,对所辖垦区行使一定的行政
改革开放以来新疆游牧民族定居问题研究
作者: 郭文慧   来源: 新疆大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 定居   游牧民族   改革开放   新疆  
描述: traditional production lifestyle. However, along with the development of society and the harsh natural environment, as well as the frangibility of nomadic economy. For traditional
全文:的可持续发展。在国家民族政策的引导,游牧民族走向定居成为历史的必然选择,也是游牧民族实现现代化的重要途径。新疆的游牧民定居是在党的民族政策引导的定居,是一个循序渐进的过程,也是推动新疆少数民族发展
唐代粮仓管理制度研究
作者: 袁雅芝   来源: 河北师范大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 管理制度   使职   唐代   粮仓   监督  
描述: r it Taicang, military warehouses, transhipment warehouse, warehouse, etc. If these granaries from the management
全文:监督的粮仓两种类型。每种类型的粮仓都有自己的管理机构,都设有专门的官吏来管理。地方上的正仓、义仓由尚书省户部下的仓部司来管理,常平仓由太府寺的常平署来管理,太仓由司农寺的太仓署来管理,转运仓则直接
黄河流域农业立体污染综合防治模式研究
作者: 杨永坤   来源: 中国农业科学院 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 农业立体污染   综合模式   黄河流域   仿真模型  
描述: he paper studies from the situation and feature of Agriculture Tri-dimension Pollution in Yellow River Basin areas, and divides it into several regions according to basin’s pollution feature by adopting the method of searching documents , research, systems analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis and so on, and analyzes the problem of Agriculture Tri-dimension Pollution in Yellow River Basin areas from the view of tri-dimension and system by use of the theory of Environmental value, Technology Value, Ecology, Circular economy , uses System Dynamics to track dynamically the change in the future of the various variables in different modes and constructs the system mode of agricultural tri-dimension pollution in Yellow River Basin, and simulates the system;
全文:。论文研究取得了一主要结论: 1、首次利用系统动力学方法构建的防治农业立体污染系统仿真模型与系统评价方法可靠。仿真技术建立的黄河流域农业立体污染综合防治技术模式在银川平原引黄灌区案例区实地验证结果表明:2001-2004年农业立体污染防治系统模型分析结果与案例区实测结果基本符合,最大相对误差<9.5%,最小误差
明清及民国时期黑河流域中游地区绿洲化荒漠化时空过程研究
作者: 石亮   来源: 兰州大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 干旱区   黑河流域   明清及民国时期   绿洲化与荒漠化时空过程  
描述: had been also analyzed. The results showed that: 1. In the early Ming Dynasty, the study area had
全文:干旱区是我国生态环境最为严酷和脆弱的地区之一,区内的陆表过程突出地表现为绿洲化与荒漠化。在人类活动加剧和全球气候变化的影响,绿洲化受阻、荒漠化快速发展,生态环境退化日益严重。为充分了解这些问题产生
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