描述:
y, military and culture in Ming Dynasty。The research on military
farming of the Ming Dynasty played the vital role of leading as to the
research on the outline the history of the Ming Dynasty. The Military
Farming in three states-- He Min and Tao-in Ming Dynasty, as the
epitome of the Ming Dynasty Northwest military Farming, has its
characteristics. He Min and Tao military farming not only has the
common characteristic of that period, but also has its unique distinguishes,
because which is located at the junction of the Han and other ethnic
groups, within the area lived many ethnic minorities. In this paper, the
author analyzes the relevant historical materials and uses theories and
methods of history and ethnology to explain the origin, development,
characteristics of the military farming. And the author discusses the
reasons why they declined in the later years and the impacts in a detailed
and intensive way. Based on local historical dates and combined with the
same period dates, the article analyze mainly the differences among the
three states from its preparation, operation, function and impact aspects
and deal with the military system of the Ming Dynasty, migration,
defense policy, minority administration and policy, economic strategies.
描述:
made for economic prosperity. At the same time, some
man-made natural disasters have been paid more and more attentions , so the research on hydraulic
characteristics of the river in recent years has been put on the agenda. Considering the ecological
environment, flood control, pollution prevention and control method, and in view of the perspective of
the urban landscape as well as the national strategic plan for sustainable development, the research the
hydraulic characteristics of river and making river reasonably repair and ecological reconstruction will
become a general trend, because that is a kind of remediation measure for human to be done
unreasonable exploitation, and it also will be the strong protection of river resources and sustainable
model for better using river resources in the future.
描述:
In history;the central and local separatist all
valued the development of this area. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the renewed
fighting in the northwest, coupled with the rapid growth of the national population, In order to
consolidating border defense and detenting Mainland population pressure,the land development of
this area resumevted,which impacted histoy development of this area very profoundly
Academic research in this area is more included in the academic research for the whole Hexi area
or the entire northwest region, special articles in this area are also mainly concentrated in the lower
reaches of Shiyang River, but these research the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river as a
whole rarely,the connection among the three is.very close essentially.So this object has larger space
to continue researching.
This text includes introduction and body text.the introduction introduces the writing
causes ,implication,and retrospects intellectual history, explains research objectives,Methods and
important and difficult points of this object at the same time.The body text divides into six
chapters.The first chapter analyzes the natural conditions and social infrastructure in this area.The
second chapter mainly deals with immigration status which Ming and Qing government organize
and encourage the population in the mainland move to this area,which provides manpower
resources for agricultural development in this area,and this chapter discusses effectiveness of the
immigration.The third chapter discusses construction of water conservancy which agricultural
development requires,and summarizes pearls and pitfalls of water conservancy construction in
this area during this period.The fourth chapter mainly deals with agricultural development in this
area during the Ming and Qing dynasties,This chapter begin by the reasons for agricultural
development and policies which the government urge and offer for, discusses region of agricultural
development, reclamation success and evolution of tonden in this area during this time.The fifth
chapter mainly discusses environmental problems that because of large-scale development in this
period,and analyzes performance, hazard and measures that local people inoder to protecting the
environment had taken.The sixth chapter summarizes experience and lessons those because of
large-scale development in this period during this time,and explains inspiration for today's
development.
Research of this object is primarily based on literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and local
records, and notes data that through field visits get, in order to make the discussion Speci.ficly and
reasonably.
描述:
ral environments make the
cultural dissemination possible. In archeological materials we can see plenty of
Neolithic culture and Bronze culture,which may be nomads. Ywati, Wusun, Hun were
lived here.Befor Han Dynastie ,the area was regarded as wild and woolly place.the
Hun sprang up during Qin and Han Dynastie, Gansu Corridor became more and more
imporant in military and politics affairs. After the establish of Western Han
Dynasty ,the imperium rehabilitated for tens of years . Emperor han wudi change the
plant to the Hun. I
n
the second year of yuanshou of Emperor han
wudi(121BC),Huoqubing go on an expedition to Gansu Corridor,and wan,because the
Hunye king killed the Xiutu king . The Hunye king surrenderred and leaded his man
about 40000 .This is significant to the history of culture diaaemination. From then
on,Han culture hold the dominant position in the war.The pattern of dissemination
were war,politics and valueas.And the policy which Han made decision of the
dissemination and the speed. After long time Interaction,the two change the hisroy of
this area.Although some rejection and degradation happened,the new trail was
certainty.
Agricultural civilization took new tools to the area,and finally the Silk Road was
freely.It made a contribution to culture dissemination.However,the aggressive
e x p a n s i o n m a d e t h e immigrate and armies too huge,and led the crisis of
ecologyand resource. Qiang civilians uprising during the Eastern Han Dynastie made
the land desertificated.
The process was not at one stroke,but a long time. Rely on force was to set up a
unified ,multinational country.
描述:
Group headed by
Cao Cao, Shuzhong Group led by Liu Bei, Jiangdong Group led by Sun Quan. The
political bloc led by Cao Cao had the most abundant strength and talents came forth in
large numbers. During the long-term expedition two major factions within formed:
Ru一Ying Group and Qiao Pei Group. Ru-Ying Group charged civil service mainly and
Qiao Pei Group was mainly made up of generals. These two groups had a long-term
punitive expedition since Cao Cao fought against Dong Zhuo. Finally they unified
vast areas of Northern China and carried out fruitful management, which avoided
serious damage in the region by a long war and laid a good economic, political and
military foundation for the unification of China in the future.
Cao Cao fought against Dong Zhuo at the beginning, seizing Yanzhou, Zhangxiu,
Xuhuai, Guandu, the four states, Wuhuan and Jingzhou, beat the seemingly invincible
powerful opponents one after another. His forces got stronger and stronger. The two
major political groups of Cao Wei supported Caocao on political and military aspects.
Because these two groups represented the interests of their own, inevitably
buried hidden dangers of can get on well with in adversity but can not share wealth.
Ru-Ying Group is represented by the family of Han who was in the name of
safeguarding the rule of the Eastern Han dynasty but to protect their interests. They
can support Cao Cao's domination, but resolutely oppose his taking over Han dynasty.
Qiao Pei Group on behalf of Cao Cao's family numbers who wished to gain greater
benefits through Cao Cao's taking over Han dynasty.
AD 209 years, The Battle of Red Cliff, which was Cao Cao's great cause of
reunification of the most important ended in failure. As the highest strategic staff
groups, Ru Ying Group throughout the campaign process simultaneously
inconceivable aphasia, and the army of Cao Cao was defeated. Cao Cao became
unable to dominate the country again in the rest of his life. This result was what Sun
Quan, Liu Bei would like to see, Ru Ying Group was also willing to see it. From the
historical records there was no record of staff at the Advanced Medium's death to give
people the impression that Ru-Ying Group seemed to have known the defeat in advance.
When Cao Cao was still alive, Qiao Pei Group holded the upper hand. But after
the death of Cao Cao, Ru-Ying Group strongly supported Cao Pi to be the king.
Finally Chen Qun put forward "Jiupinzhongzheng system", which established the
family of Han's political monopoly. The two major political groups gradually moved
towards a balance.
After the death of Wei Ming King, the two major political groups split from
co-operation, eventually formed a situation of endless immortality. Cao Shuang and
He Yan of Qiao Pei Group were launched by Sima Yi through Gaopingling case when
the situation was good. Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang and holded military and political
power in the country. He cruelly blowed members of the Group Qiao Pei through a
series of charges against them. Then, Jin Dynasty took place Wei. Ru-Ying Group
obtained a comprehensive win. While Qiao Pei Group after its three generations with
a heavy heart exit stage of history.
描述:
e distinctive features in Western and Eastern of
Qinghai's natural disaster in history which based on the historical materials and studied the
Interaction Relationship Between the natural disasters and social-economic development, we
used the theory and analysis method from the research area of disaster history and agricultural
history, try to have a comprehensive investigation between the natural disasters and
social-economic development in the history of Qinghai.
Firstly, we divided Qinghai into two parts: the eastern and the western, under the study of
the geographical features of Qinghai. We summarized the natural disaster of the eastern part
mainly as flood, drought, hailstone and frost with distinctive features of variety, continuity
and growth accompany while the western is mainly as earthquake and snow disaster with
distinctive features of unexpected and severity.
Secondly
,
as the great influence on agriculture and the resulting changement in
agriculture is most profound, so the progress in agriculture sciences is related to withstand the
natural disaster in some ways. The paper discussed the natural disasters affected Qinghai's
agriculture in history, from the aspect of seed selection
、
production
、
processing and storage
to invest the development of mitigation techniques in this area. And for the livestock we
investigated in two sides bred of livestock and prevention of livestock, furthermore we
invested the mitigation techniques which full of geographical characteristics.
Thirdly, the article investigated the relationship between natural disasters and the
economic fluctuation in Qinghai from the perspective of the change in population and grain
price. And then, we analyzed the influence on regional industrial structure from the aspect of
expansion in rural areas, the relationship between agriculture and animal husbandry,
disaster-relief crop introduction and the structure of animal species. In the view of pastoral
economic exchange, we studied the interaction relationship between the natural disasters and
economic development.
Finally, we studied the interaction relationship between the natural disasters and social
development in Qinghai. What is more, we analyzed the policy which includes grain storage,
relieved and help the people in disaster , reduced taxes to control the disaster in history. We
wish these could be helpful to the prevention and control of natural disasters in Qinghai today.
描述:
a crucial componen t of the
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region that is under the command of the autonomous region's
party committee. Its major task is to develop the local economy and to partially perform
administrative and legal functions towards the corps reclamation area. It is a special political,
eC01101111C, militaristic and social organization with a long history. It is also undertakes the
important task of implementing strategies for production and for territorial border control.
Such implementation influences both regional and national economic substantiality and
social stability. This article attempts to analyze the relationship between production and
border control while exploring the possible solutions for existing problems within the region,
based on a historical perspective.
There are three chapters in this article. The first chapter introduces the history of
agricultural development and border trooping, based on the practical experiences of Han,
Tang, and Qing Dynasty. The second chapter analyzes the dichotomy of agricultural
production and border trooping. Border trooping needs daily rationing from agricultural
production. Meanwhile, agricultural production is conditioned by border trooping. Border
control is the goal ensured by agricultural productivity. However, the status of each element
differs in different eras. They are the two inseparable elements.
In the third chapter, the author discourses the means of adjusting border control and
production according to the latest domestic and international situations. Since the socialist
economic system is perfecting itself, Chinese mentality is experiencing significant changes.
At the same time, the international situation changes tremendously which makes the
strategic status of the region become more and more important. The production and border
control mission is facing new challenges because of ethnic separatists, terrorists, and
religious extremists. The article is going to provide some constructive suggestions, based on
the mentioned factors.
Under historically new conditions, Bingtuan, as an important part of Xinjiang, as well as
a politics-military-united organization, is carrying out new tasks. To accomplish such tasks,
one needs to comprehend the relationship between agricultural production and border
control correctly, that is to continue both elements' growth in a firm manner. Now, the corps
development is at the door step of a new historic entrance. Therefore, Bingtuan needs to
increase the speed of growth of its economic society in order to perform a better
contribution to the country.