唐代前期河西州县城城防研究

作者： 张向红   来源： 西北师范大学 年份： 2010 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 河西州县城   唐代前期   城防  

描述： ch as the important town of the Silk Road, multi-ethnic coexistence and the border district administrative center. In order to ensure normal exchange between the East and the West, frequent contact among ethnicities, and effective administration in He-xi area, it was extremely essential to establish city defense. Therefore, the Tang government built the city defense system that was mainly military defense and based on social balance. Mainly included the screen protective system of Army, Shouzhuo, City, Town, Shu, etc., which had some focal point and very wide and located out of the cities; Three layers external protective system that was composed of a deep ditch to round every city, sheep and horses cities, city wall; Multiple structure system such Luo city(outer city), Zi city(inner city), fang(residential area), Shi(markets), and so on; Garrison inside cities and out of locality system; Feng, Yi and other information systems; General's office person of ability system; Warehouse reserve and social balance system. Because of the important geographical position strategic and the special social security problem, the He-xi Prefecture and county city defense had formed Trinity characteristic with the national defense and the security defense. The city defense soldiers had a hand in Tuntian to bring about He-xi area’s agricultural advance; A large number of people of city defense formed the consumer market, had promoted the prosperity of the commerce; The city defense ensured traffic and military assistance, made He-xi Prefecture and county cities become the rear base to administer Central Asia. However, the city defense had its limitation, such as impotent military might at times (it offered an opportunity of Tibetan expanded in north-west area), because of the condition between the country and the locality. It, to a certain extent, had influenced on the valid function of city defense.

全文：唐代前期,在西北地区特殊的社会环境下,河西州县城体现出丝路重镇、多民族共处地、边地行政中心等诸多特征。为保证东西方正常交流、多民族之间的频繁交往以及唐在河西地区的有效统治,城防之设极为必要。因此,唐

辨析唐代的屯田与营田

作者： 翟麦玲   谢丽   来源： 中国农史 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 唐代   屯田   营田  

描述： 屯田与营田在唐代是两个既相联系又有区别的概念。二者在经营人员、设置目的、设置地点、经营方式、以及转化为民田等方面,具有相似性；而在组织管理系统方面则是不同的。长期以来,二者之所以常被混淆,一方面是

清前期的灾况、灾蠲与灾赈

作者： 李向军   来源： 中国经济史研究 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 清前期   万两   雍正朝   无年   土地荒芜   历代统治者   康熙朝   乾隆朝   荒政   道光朝  

描述： 灾荒是制约中国古代农业经济兴衰的重要因素。中国灾荒之多,举世罕见。据文献记载,几乎无年不灾。中国的小农自古以来与自然灾害进行了顽强的抗争,但个体小生产者在灾荒面前总是显得力不从心,束手无策。千百年来,土地荒芜,人口死亡,社会动荡,往往是大灾之后的必然结局。为了维持国家的稳定,恢复社会生产,需要建立起相应的社会保障机制。中国古代荒政就是适应这一社会发展的要求而产生、发展并日臻完善的。荒政曾是历代统治者稳定社会、维持社会再生产正常进行的重要手段,其社会作用在封

唐代西北地区政治地理格局变动研究

作者： 魏昀   来源： 陕西师范大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 唐朝   疆域   羁縻府州   屯田   交通  

描述： th about three of culture and materials the country's territory changed a lot. The country's territory was in an extending period before and the An-Shi Armed Rebellion, and once extended to the Central Asia area.At the same time, the Tang government founded the Ji-Mi-Fu-Zhou system in the Western Regions. The situation changed rapidly when the An-Shi Armed Rebellion broke out. Then the central government mobilized the troops in the Western Regions to participating in putting down the Rebellion, so the border defence was weakened. Tu-bo took the chance to occupy a large amount of territory. Almost Long You Area was oppupied by Tu-bo later in Tang Dynasty. The thesis is divided into five chapters: political geography circumstance in northwest area in early Tang Dynasty，including the situation of physical geography and the nation regime; the political geography situation in the extending period of territory from Tai Zong to Gao Zong;the political geography situation in the stable period of territory from Wu-zhou era to An-Shi Armed Rebellion;the political geography situation in the shrinking period of territory after An-Shi Armed Rebellion;relationship between the change of political geography situation and economy and traffic. Conclusion: From A.D. 7th to 9th century，Asia-Erope Continent was a place where Tang, Da-shi and Tu-bo contended for political space. The country's power of politics, economy and military strengthened before An-Shi Armed Rebellion, and part of the Central Asia area belonged to Tang government. The territory reached to an unparalleled scale at that time, which can be divided into three parts: the capital area where Chang-an and Luoyang were located in was the empire's center of politics, culture and military; the Zheng-zhou that around the captals was where the finance of central government stemmed from; the Ji-mi-fu-zhou system Tang government founded in the frontier area was the military buffer zone with nation regimes in vicnity. At the same time, Tu-bo appeared in the stage of history in A.D 7th century. After the King Song-zan-gan-bu unified the Tibet plateau, Tu-bo's power strengthed rapidly and harassed Tang's frontiers inceasingly. The Tang government put the defense police actively into effect so as to resist Tu-bo's aggression and defend country's benefit in Long-you area. When An-Shi Armed Rebellion broke out, Tu-bo took the chance to occupy vast territory of Tang Dynasty, like Minzhou, Lanzhou, Kuozhou, Guazhou, and so on. Eventually, almost all Long-you areas belonging to Tang Dynasty was occupid by Tu-bo. In the field of geopolitics, the national power strengthened in the earlier stage of Tang Dynasty and stronger than Tu-bo. Tu-bo didn't have the strength contending with Tang Dynasty, even harassed the frontier once a while. Until the An-Shi Armed Rebellion, the Tang government had no more advantage and the national power was weakened.

全文：唐代是中国历史上的鼎盛王朝之一。唐王朝近三百年历史,在创造了无与伦比的物质和精神文明的同时,国家的疆域也发生了剧烈变化。以安史之乱为界,唐前期,国家的疆域处于一个不断扩展的时期,唐王朝的势力范围

唐代关中农田水利、水利管理及立法研究

作者： 陈雨梅   来源： 西北大学 年份： 2010 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 唐代关中   水利法规   农田水利   水利管理  

描述： onstruction was directly related to the survival of dynasty.

全文：的管理制度,而且用法律的形式加以保障,这时期确立的管理体制及水利法规对后世影响深远。本文分为五个部分来研究唐代关中农田水利建设、水利管理及立法问题,第一部分为绪论,主要介绍了国内外学者对唐代关中

20世纪20年代甘肃灾荒救济

作者： 付春锋   来源： 兰州大学 年份： 2006 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 政府   救济   甘肃   灾荒   民间力量  

描述： 民国时期甘肃灾荒频发,特别是20年代最为严重,造成了庞大的灾民群体,甚至导致社会秩序失调。由于20年代前期甘肃政治局势混乱,以至于作为灾荒救济主体的政府没有发挥其应有的作用,而来自民间的救济成为主要力量,在一定程度上缓解了灾民的苦难。国民军入甘后,对地方控制力逐步增强,加大了对灾荒救济的力度;同时,

全文：民国时期甘肃灾荒频发,特别是20年代最为严重,造成了庞大的灾民群体,甚至导致社会秩序失调。由于20年代前期甘肃政治局势混乱,以至于作为灾荒救济主体的政府没有发挥其应有的作用,而来自民间的救济成为

北宋屯田刍论

作者： 左超能   来源： 河池师专学报(社会科学版) 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 厢军   提点   太平兴国   真宗   赵宋   田制不立   厢兵   镇戍军   何承矩   元丰二年  

描述： 史学界凡研究中国古代封建屯田制度，多言刘汉、曹魏、李唐和朱明清朝，绝少注意赵宋时期。本文就北来前期的电田，从其产生的原因。状况、制度、性质及后果作出了初步的探讨，这对我们全面地认识或评价中国封建社会的屯田制度，是非常有意义的。

蓬勃发展的陇县经济

作者： 暂无 来源： 陕西水利 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 矿产资源   兵家必争之地   北征   受封   王牧   水能蕴藏量   元狩   饲草资源   山川秀丽   集体商业  

描述： 1300多年,辛亥革命后改州为县。 古陇州农牧发达,尤以养马最为驰名。史料记载,汉武帝元狩年间,大将卫青、霍去病北征匈奴,一次征集战马14万匹,多源于陇山一带。唐代,陇

旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的土壤水分效应

作者： 李福   刘广才   李诚德   朱永永   周德禄   陈其鲜   单秀章   来源： 干旱地区农业研究 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 旱作农业   穴播   膜上覆土   全膜覆盖   小麦   水分效应  

描述： 采用田间小区试验研究了旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的土壤水分效应。结果表明,小麦生长前期,不同层次土壤含水量均表现为全膜覆土穴播>膜侧沟播>露地条播;拔节—孕穗期0~20cm土壤含水量全膜覆土穴播较露地

灌水方式对轻度盐化土壤玉米生长及土壤水分的影响

作者： 史丽艳   牛文全   张俊   来源： 干旱地区农业研究 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 灌水方式   土壤水分   玉米   生理生态指标  

描述： 滴灌玉米生长较快,拔节前期,微润灌条件下玉米生长最为迅速,滴灌次之,直接浇灌生长最慢;滴灌条件下叶绿素含量最高,拔节期需水旺季时微润灌叶绿素含量最低。三种灌水方式对玉米光合速率的影响为:微润灌>滴灌