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文明传播视野下的汉代河西开发
作者: 刘俊玲   来源: 青海师范大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 河西   汉代   开发   文明  
描述: ral environments make the cultural dissemination possible. In archeological materials we can see plenty of Neolithic culture and Bronze culture,which may be nomads. Ywati, Wusun, Hun were lived here.Befor Han Dynastie ,the area was regarded as wild and woolly place.the Hun sprang up during Qin and Han Dynastie, Gansu Corridor became more and more imporant in military and politics affairs. After the establish of Western Han Dynasty ,the imperium rehabilitated for tens of years . Emperor han wudi change the plant to the Hun. I n the second year of yuanshou of Emperor han wudi(121BC),Huoqubing go on an expedition to Gansu Corridor,and wan,because the Hunye king killed the Xiutu king . The Hunye king surrenderred and leaded his man about 40000 .This is significant to the history of culture diaaemination. From then on,Han culture hold the dominant position in the war.The pattern of dissemination were war,politics and valueas.And the policy which Han made decision of the dissemination and the speed. After long time Interaction,the two change the hisroy of this area.Although some rejection and degradation happened,the new trail was certainty. Agricultural civilization took new tools to the area,and finally the Silk Road was freely.It made a contribution to culture dissemination.However,the aggressive e x p a n s i o n m a d e t h e immigrate and armies too huge,and led the crisis of ecologyand resource. Qiang civilians uprising during the Eastern Han Dynastie made the land desertificated. The process was not at one stroke,but a long time. Rely on force was to set up a unified ,multinational country.
全文:河西走廊位于农耕文明和游牧文明的交叉地带,具有文明传播的特殊的自然和人文基础。据考古资料显示,河西走廊曾经创造了丰富多彩的新石器和青铜文化,孕育了游牧经济。大月氏、乌孙和匈奴先后在河西活动。汉代以前的河西被视为蛮夷之地,秦汉时期随着匈奴的崛起,河西开始显示其军事政治的重要性。西汉建立后,随着几十年的休养生息,内地经济实力的增强,从汉武帝开始对匈奴的战略发生根本变化。元狩二年(公元前121年)汉武帝命霍去病将兵远征河西,匈奴浑邪王杀休屠王,率部四万余人归汉。河西归汉在汉文明传播河西过程中起着里程碑式的意义。从此,汉文明在与游牧文明的对峙中开始居于上峰,并通过军事传播、政治传播、文化传播来开拓这一新的农业区。传播方式既有激烈的战争,循序渐进的政治体制移植,也有潜移默化的农业文化、价值观的传播。可以说,居于文明传播主导地位的汉王朝的军事、政治、文化政策决定了文明传播的速度和方向。游牧民族和汉族通过物质上和精神上的长期磨合,开创了河西农业文明的历史。尽管在接触和磨合的过程中出现了文明的拒斥与文明的退化,但是在总体上河西仍朝着一个新的历史轨迹前进。 农业文明向河西传播的过程带去了先进的生产技术,建立了新的生产技术体系,同时也保证了丝绸之路的畅通,为中外文明传播作出了积极的贡献;但是,农业文明的大肆扩张,也使得河西出现了前所未有的生态和资源危机。随着河西屯田的进行,移民和戍卒大量涌入这个资源原本并不丰富的地区,水资源、森林、草原资源被人为的破坏,河西开始荒漠化。到东汉后期,羌民起义,农耕民族有退出河西之举,抛弃屯田,这样荒漠化进一步推进,为河西的生态发展带来隐患。 文明的传播不是一蹴而就的,而是一个漫长的历史过程。汉代河西开发在很大程度上是靠武力来实现的,因此不免存在着代表先进生产力的强势民族对生产水平低下的弱势民族的压制,而总体上这种传播是文明的同化——一体化和统一的多民族国家的建构。
中国道教农业史——农业思想初探
作者: 赵文杰   来源: 山东大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 农学   道家   农业   道教   思想  
描述: he civilization of agriculture of China has a long history.
全文:的诸多道教学者在其著作中都涉及了丰富的农业知识和农学思想。葛洪作为东晋著名的道教学者就主张“农道修”,所作《抱朴子》中关于重农的记载值得后人研究。北齐的道教著作《刘子》专门以“贵农”为篇名,明确提出
近代中法高等教育交流史研究
作者: 张士伟   来源: 河北大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 天津工商学院   大学区制   勤工俭学运动   中法大学   中法高等教育交流  
描述: There were three channels concerning modern Sino-French higher education exchange.
全文:近代中法高等教育交流有三渠道:第一是法国天主教会组织的高等教育交流,主要以法国天主教传教士为媒介,以天津工商学院和上海震旦大学为依托,以法国近代科学为内容,在课程设置、教学方法、校园文化
中国古代农家文化研究
作者: 熊帝兵   来源: 南京农业大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 农家   民生   农业史   传统文化  
描述: od of Warring States (475-221 B.C.), attracting scholars' attention and becoming one of important schools then. After Qin Dynasty, scholars determining to study agriculture carried forward good traditions of Non自is in the Period of Warring States, enriched researching contents and fields, and enabled Non自is to develop in depth. In finial, those determining to study agriculture formed a group with researching agriculture as its distinguishing feature. What the group researched included agricultural ideologies, techniques of farming and cropping, methods of operation and management, measures of fighting and preventing agricultural calamities. The whole group showed its own styles in valuing agriculture and concerning people's livelihood. And those agricultural ideologies, science and technology, methods and spirits composed Nongjia's culture, the cream of which can afford us lessons to solve today's new problems.
全文:,经历了“时至而作,渴时而止→趣时→顺天→盗天→天→胜天”的变化过程。农时方面,农家在沿用常规指时方式的基础上,还以作物生长过程、土壤特征指时,并把多种指时方式综合运用,以更准确把握生产时机。农家所谓
中国古代农家文化研究
作者: 熊帝兵   来源: 南京农业大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 农家   民生   农业史   传统文化  
描述: od of Warring States (475-221 B.C.), attracting scholars' attention and becoming one of important schools then. After Qin Dynasty, scholars determining to study agriculture carried forward good traditions of Non自is in the Period of Warring States, enriched researching contents and fields, and enabled Non自is to develop in depth. In finial, those determining to study agriculture formed a group with researching agriculture as its distinguishing feature. What the group researched included agricultural ideologies, techniques of farming and cropping, methods of operation and management, measures of fighting and preventing agricultural calamities. The whole group showed its own styles in valuing agriculture and concerning people's livelihood. And those agricultural ideologies, science and technology, methods and spirits composed Nongjia's culture, the cream of which can afford us lessons to solve today's new problems.
全文:,经历了“时至而作,渴时而止→趣时→顺天→盗天→天→胜天”的变化过程。农时方面,农家在沿用常规指时方式的基础上,还以作物生长过程、土壤特征指时,并把多种指时方式综合运用,以更准确把握生产时机。农家所谓
草田轮作在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区旱作农业中的作用研究
作者: 曹利民   来源: 兰州大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 可持续发展   草田轮作   循环农业模式  
描述: duction in the area is restricted by disadvantageous natural resources and environmental conditions, including low arable land area per capita, frequent drought events and a landscape dominated by mountains. Forage crop rotation systems could improve soil fertility, increase crop外eld and provide quality forage supplies for livestock production. Additionally, their adoption is considered a suitable means to advance sustainable agriculture development. In this study, the role and status of forage crop rotations in Tianshui city were studied.
全文:,对草田轮作在旱作农业中的作用和地位进行了分析,调研了该区草田轮作推广的模式和分布区域,获得如下主要论点: (1)对甘肃省天水市旱作农业区生产条件和现状分析,草田轮作是适合该区农业生产条件的一科学
庆阳香包装饰纹样造型研究
作者: 刘学莘   来源: 东北林业大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 装饰纹样   庆阳香包   造型  
描述: sic forms of the decorative patterns, modeling rules as well as the cultural connotations of these rules. This research has filed in the gap and accounted the theory system of Qingyang sachets
全文:。 对庆阳香包装饰纹样造型规则文化内涵的研究,采用文案调查法和相关分析法,通过分析以形造型中共用形、形中形、复合形三造型规则所蕴含的儒家、道家思想;分析以意造型中以求子为表意、以求寿为表意、以爱情为
地域性景观与非物质文化遗产的互联性研究
作者: 胡蓉   来源: 西安建筑科技大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 地域性景观   非物质文化遗产   文化生态   文化环境  
描述: ble cultural heritage in
全文:的适应性和创造力。 在科学技术迅猛发展的今天,最易受科技影响的脆弱的自然环境发生了重要变化。如何使人类的发展和生态环境之间的关系达到一平衡并且处于一整体和谐的动态发展的过程,就需要我们既依存于
明清黄河流域元宵灯俗的历史地理学考察
作者: 苗峰   来源: 暨南大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 历史地理学   九曲黄河灯会   黄河流域  
描述: The Jiuqu Yellow River Lantern Festival is one during the Lantern Festival in Yellow River Basin.
全文:九曲黄河灯会是盛行于我国黄河流域元宵节期间的一民俗活动。从活动仪式来看,它弥漫着一庄严、古朴的节日气息;从活动内涵来看,它包含有地理、军事、生育等方面的文化遗存;从地域分布来看,它明显受到
花开两朵:民间美术与文人画比较研究
作者: 朱叶   来源: 陕西师范大学 年份: 2010 文献类型 : 学位论文 关键词: 中国文化   民间美术   文人画  
描述: branches bears much paintings crystal clear and beautiful fruit of culture which folk art are included.
全文:人类自身生存和繁衍为最终目的的一前美术活动发展形成的。蕴含在包括中国人人生礼仪、节日习俗与生老病死在内的日常生活之中的前美术活动,发源于原始社会的图腾文化,历经生殖崇拜和祖先崇拜两个漫长阶段的洗礼
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