唐代西北地区政治地理格局变动研究

作者： 魏昀   来源： 陕西师范大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 唐朝   疆域   羁縻府州   屯田   交通  

描述： th about three of culture and materials the country's territory changed a lot. The country's territory was in an extending period before and the An-Shi Armed Rebellion, and once extended to the Central Asia area.At the same time, the Tang government founded the Ji-Mi-Fu-Zhou system in the Western Regions. The situation changed rapidly when the An-Shi Armed Rebellion broke out. Then the central government mobilized the troops in the Western Regions to participating in putting down the Rebellion, so the border defence was weakened. Tu-bo took the chance to occupy a large amount of territory. Almost Long You Area was oppupied by Tu-bo later in Tang Dynasty. The thesis is divided into five chapters: political geography circumstance in northwest area in early Tang Dynasty，including the situation of physical geography and the nation regime; the political geography situation in the extending period of territory from Tai Zong to Gao Zong;the political geography situation in the stable period of territory from Wu-zhou era to An-Shi Armed Rebellion;the political geography situation in the shrinking period of territory after An-Shi Armed Rebellion;relationship between the change of political geography situation and economy and traffic. Conclusion: From A.D. 7th to 9th century，Asia-Erope Continent was a place where Tang, Da-shi and Tu-bo contended for political space. The country's power of politics, economy and military strengthened before An-Shi Armed Rebellion, and part of the Central Asia area belonged to Tang government. The territory reached to an unparalleled scale at that time, which can be divided into three parts: the capital area where Chang-an and Luoyang were located in was the empire's center of politics, culture and military; the Zheng-zhou that around the captals was where the finance of central government stemmed from; the Ji-mi-fu-zhou system Tang government founded in the frontier area was the military buffer zone with nation regimes in vicnity. At the same time, Tu-bo appeared in the stage of history in A.D 7th century. After the King Song-zan-gan-bu unified the Tibet plateau, Tu-bo's power strengthed rapidly and harassed Tang's frontiers inceasingly. The Tang government put the defense police actively into effect so as to resist Tu-bo's aggression and defend country's benefit in Long-you area. When An-Shi Armed Rebellion broke out, Tu-bo took the chance to occupy vast territory of Tang Dynasty, like Minzhou, Lanzhou, Kuozhou, Guazhou, and so on. Eventually, almost all Long-you areas belonging to Tang Dynasty was occupid by Tu-bo. In the field of geopolitics, the national power strengthened in the earlier stage of Tang Dynasty and stronger than Tu-bo. Tu-bo didn't have the strength contending with Tang Dynasty, even harassed the frontier once a while. Until the An-Shi Armed Rebellion, the Tang government had no more advantage and the national power was weakened.

全文：经济交通的关系,包括唐代西北屯田和西北交通两节。通过以上五部分的论述,重点探讨疆域变化在地理空间上的表现、唐政府在对陇右地区实行有效统治时期的行政建置和驻防体系、以及民族关系对疆域变动的影响等问题

中国古代风能利用研究

作者： 柴国生   来源： 郑州大学 年份： 2007 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 冶金   农业   中国古代   风能   交通   风  

描述： 我国古代先民对自然风的观察与认识，与人类进化相伴相随，随着经验的不断积累，在尧舜时代，已认识到搧动生风的原理，并开始将人造风应用于生产、生活；至迟在春秋战国时期，已经认识到风是由空气流动而产生的，开始对自然风加以利用。伴随着社会的不断进步，人们对风的认识也逐步深化，逐渐对风的产生、风向、风力等级，以

全文：的，开始对自然风加以利用。伴随着社会的不断进步，人们对风的认识也逐步深化，逐渐对风的产生、风向、风力等级，以及季风、台风等有了较为科学的认识。 风能——自然风能和人造风能被广泛应用于农业、冶金、交通

明代河西的军屯

作者： 唐景绅   来源： 敦煌学辑刊 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 农业区   宣帝   卫所军   中原王朝   西汉武帝   转输   乐都   令居   居延   河西地区  

描述： 甘肃河西地区是古代中西交通的咽喉,又是少数民族聚居的地区。西汉以来,中原王朝为了确保中西交通的畅通,防御少数民族贵族对边境的侵扰,总是把河西作为必争之地。自汉以来,河西即驻有很多的军队,但河西与内地

两汉护羌校尉略考

作者： 谢绍鹢   来源： 人文杂志 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 级别地位   护羌校尉   军队构成   两汉   职掌  

描述： 两汉时期作为中央王朝为治理羌人设置护羌校尉一职。其职掌的内容为:政治抚绥,巡行理事；监视羌人动向,警备边境,保护交通；兼理屯田。护羌校尉秩别仅为比二千石,但因持节而位尊权重,是主持对羌军务方面长官

中国古代文化的特征

作者： 刘文   来源： 社会科学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 回旋余地   陆路交通   工业社会   中世纪西欧   文化心理   古代文化   东亚大陆   文中   土壤分析   冯天瑜  

描述： 出入的宗法制度的文化。他说,海洋民族的文化心理较为外向,文化系统处于一种比较动态和开放的状况。我国先民自古生活在东亚大陆,陆路交通极不便利,内部回旋余地开阔,使中国古文化系统从半半封闭的大陆性地理环境中获得较完

曹魏时期河西经济恢复原因浅析

作者： 陆庆夫   来源： 社会科学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 食货志   经济恢复   戊己校尉   中原王朝   金城郡   汉昭帝   羌胡   韩遂   曹魏时期   河西五郡  

描述： 古代历史上的河西,原是少数民族杂聚的地方。汉初,匈奴人游牧于此,控制了河西和西域,中断了中西交通,并对中原王朝造成威胁。汉武帝为了斩断匈奴右臂,曾派霍去病出击匈奴并获得了胜利,在这里设立酒泉、张掖

唐代前期河西州县城城防研究

作者： 张向红   来源： 西北师范大学 年份： 2010 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 河西州县城   唐代前期   城防  

描述： ch as the important town of the Silk Road, multi-ethnic coexistence and the border district administrative center. In order to ensure normal exchange between the East and the West, frequent contact among ethnicities, and effective administration in He-xi area, it was extremely essential to establish city defense. Therefore, the Tang government built the city defense system that was mainly military defense and based on social balance. Mainly included the screen protective system of Army, Shouzhuo, City, Town, Shu, etc., which had some focal point and very wide and located out of the cities; Three layers external protective system that was composed of a deep ditch to round every city, sheep and horses cities, city wall; Multiple structure system such Luo city(outer city), Zi city(inner city), fang(residential area), Shi(markets), and so on; Garrison inside cities and out of locality system; Feng, Yi and other information systems; General's office person of ability system; Warehouse reserve and social balance system. Because of the important geographical position strategic and the special social security problem, the He-xi Prefecture and county city defense had formed Trinity characteristic with the national defense and the security defense. The city defense soldiers had a hand in Tuntian to bring about He-xi area’s agricultural advance; A large number of people of city defense formed the consumer market, had promoted the prosperity of the commerce; The city defense ensured traffic and military assistance, made He-xi Prefecture and county cities become the rear base to administer Central Asia. However, the city defense had its limitation, such as impotent military might at times (it offered an opportunity of Tibetan expanded in north-west area), because of the condition between the country and the locality. It, to a certain extent, had influenced on the valid function of city defense.

全文：,促进了农业的发展;城防大量人口形成消费市场,促进了商业的繁荣;城防保障交通和军援,使河西州县城成为唐经营西域的后方基地。然而,唐代前期由于中央与地方权力的制衡等因素,河西州县城城防也存在着诸如军防战斗力有时不强(为当时吐蕃的发展提供了可乘之机)等一些局限性,在一定程度上影响了城防作用的有效发挥。

清代河西仓储研究

作者： 王玉春   来源： 陕西师范大学 年份： 2014 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 河西   清代   救荒能力   社会保障   仓储  

描述： 清代河西仓储系统已经趋于完备,除官仓、常平仓、义仓外,河西地区还有大量的社仓,且仓法体现出许多新的特点,可以说清代是河西仓储制度的完善时期。本人将河西诸色仓依照其性质分为官仓(包括常平仓)和民仓,并对其发展状况、空间分布特征以及社会保障职能进行了具体分析。 本文具体结构如下： 绪论,论述了本文的选题

全文：分别对二者的兴起、发展、衰败以及清末的短暂复兴等发展过程进行论述,并在此基础上总结出社仓的空间分布特征为：一、从数量上来看,社仓设置比较普遍；二、分布比较严整；三、分布在河谷平原地带及交通

1933-1945年甘肃经济建设研究

作者： 裴庚辛   来源： 华中师范大学 年份： 2008 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 1933—1945   甘肃商业   甘肃工业   甘肃金融业   甘肃农业  

描述： 近代甘肃经济落后,农业生产仍是传统的耕作方式,产量低下;工业则没有几家近代工厂,主要是手工业工场或家庭手工业作坊,新式工业尚处于起步阶段。再加上灾荒频发,烟毒横行,地方当局借禁种之名行罚款之实。甘肃人民生活困苦不堪。与落后的经济水平相对应,近代甘肃的金融机构主要有票号、钱庄(银号)、当铺等几种形式,

全文：了明显的变化。工矿、交通、邮电通讯、金融等现代产业虽然在国民经济中的比重很低,但已不再处于零星的萌芽状态,而是在甘肃的社会经济生活中起着越来越重要的作用。这种影响已经超过了近代任何历史时期。比较突出

清至民国时期（1644-1949）甘肃地区的旱灾与社会应对研究

作者： 魏光   来源： 陕西师范大学 年份： 2014 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 旱灾   民国   清代   甘肃   民间力量   政府救灾  

描述： 清至民国时期,甘肃地区的旱灾十分频繁,给当地人民的生产与生活造成了极大影响。近年来,甘肃地区更是旱情严重,防旱、抗旱事业日渐成为关系甘肃民生的头等大事。研究清至民国时期甘肃地区的旱灾,总结旱灾的分布规律、分析旱灾的社会影响、探讨当时社会的救灾机制,可以为当前甘肃乃至全国的抗旱事业提供十分重要的参考价

全文：至民国,相比官方赈灾的衰落,民间赈灾所起的作用日渐增强。 结论,系统总结了清至民国时期甘肃旱灾的时空分布特点、社会影响及相关救灾机制。通过分析这一时间段内的应灾成效,得出政府救灾的主体地位不可动摇,民间力量的赈灾不容忽视。与此同时,也得出政治背景与交通条件也是影响抗旱事业的重要因素。