汉代西北屯田问题探析

作者： 牟雪松   来源： 青海师范大学 年份： 2010 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 西北地区   汉代   屯田  

描述： governors of HAN Dynasty. The policy was carried out in most area of the west and the north. In DONGHAN Dynasty, it also appeared in the inner area. The thesis is to tell opening up wasteland and analyses the origin and features of opening up wasteland to get the conclusion: Opening up wasteland in ancient times began in War times and was developed fully in HAN Dynasty. Opening up wasteland in northwest area of HAN Dynasty was only a comprehensive policy to defend the country, including the content of politics 、 military and economy. It was t not for the people but for the country. The policy was spread and lasted for a long time. In economy, it promoted the development of agricultural economy in northwest area by bringing new tools and ways of farming, which also joined the relationship between the central area and the northwest. In politics, it laid a solid foundation for the unity of northwest area and the victory against HUN. In culture, it advanced the communication and joint among different races. Meanwhile, it was a base for opening up wasteland by troops and common people in Cao Wei period.

全文：汉代西北地区的屯田,是汉朝统治者为了经略西北边疆而实行的一种重要举措,主要分布在朔方、河西、西域以及河湟、陇西地区,在东汉时还发展到了内郡。本文通过对汉代西北地区屯田概况的梳理,以及对屯田的起源

唐代西北地区政治地理格局变动研究

作者： 魏昀   来源： 陕西师范大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 唐朝   疆域   羁縻府州   屯田   交通  

描述： th about three of culture and materials the country's territory changed a lot. The country's territory was in an extending period before and the An-Shi Armed Rebellion, and once extended to the Central Asia area.At the same time, the Tang government founded the Ji-Mi-Fu-Zhou system in the Western Regions. The situation changed rapidly when the An-Shi Armed Rebellion broke out. Then the central government mobilized the troops in the Western Regions to participating in putting down the Rebellion, so the border defence was weakened. Tu-bo took the chance to occupy a large amount of territory. Almost Long You Area was oppupied by Tu-bo later in Tang Dynasty. The thesis is divided into five chapters: political geography circumstance in northwest area in early Tang Dynasty，including the situation of physical geography and the nation regime; the political geography situation in the extending period of territory from Tai Zong to Gao Zong;the political geography situation in the stable period of territory from Wu-zhou era to An-Shi Armed Rebellion;the political geography situation in the shrinking period of territory after An-Shi Armed Rebellion;relationship between the change of political geography situation and economy and traffic. Conclusion: From A.D. 7th to 9th century，Asia-Erope Continent was a place where Tang, Da-shi and Tu-bo contended for political space. The country's power of politics, economy and military strengthened before An-Shi Armed Rebellion, and part of the Central Asia area belonged to Tang government. The territory reached to an unparalleled scale at that time, which can be divided into three parts: the capital area where Chang-an and Luoyang were located in was the empire's center of politics, culture and military; the Zheng-zhou that around the captals was where the finance of central government stemmed from; the Ji-mi-fu-zhou system Tang government founded in the frontier area was the military buffer zone with nation regimes in vicnity. At the same time, Tu-bo appeared in the stage of history in A.D 7th century. After the King Song-zan-gan-bu unified the Tibet plateau, Tu-bo's power strengthed rapidly and harassed Tang's frontiers inceasingly. The Tang government put the defense police actively into effect so as to resist Tu-bo's aggression and defend country's benefit in Long-you area. When An-Shi Armed Rebellion broke out, Tu-bo took the chance to occupy vast territory of Tang Dynasty, like Minzhou, Lanzhou, Kuozhou, Guazhou, and so on. Eventually, almost all Long-you areas belonging to Tang Dynasty was occupid by Tu-bo. In the field of geopolitics, the national power strengthened in the earlier stage of Tang Dynasty and stronger than Tu-bo. Tu-bo didn't have the strength contending with Tang Dynasty, even harassed the frontier once a while. Until the An-Shi Armed Rebellion, the Tang government had no more advantage and the national power was weakened.

全文：经济交通的关系,包括唐代西北屯田和西北交通两节。通过以上五部分的论述,重点探讨疆域变化在地理空间上的表现、唐政府在对陇右地区实行有效统治时期的行政建置和驻防体系、以及民族关系对疆域变动的影响等问题

汉代西北开发

作者： 袁建光   来源： 湖南师范大学 年份： 2005 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 启示   移民实边   影响   汉代   屯田   西北开发  

描述： 今天的西部开发,必将推动中华民族的伟大复兴。两汉时期,没有西北开发,就没有汉朝盛世,也就没有汉朝在当时世界历史上的领先地位。 文章分为四个部分。 第一部分“汉代西北概况”,主要界定了本文所研究的“汉代西北”的范围以及地形,同时根据史料描述了当时的气候、水资源、植被等生态情况。 第二部分“汉代西北开发

全文：的“汉代西北”的范围以及地形,同时根据史料描述了当时的气候、水资源、植被等生态情况。 第二部分“汉代西北开发的盛况”是本文的主体部分。对于汉代西北的开发,我从交通、屯田、移民实边、农业技术、畜牧业、手工业

元代农业灾害研究

作者： 龚光明   来源： 南京农业大学 年份： 2007 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 赈济   元代   防治   农业灾害  

描述： 元代农业灾害频繁，几乎各种灾害都发生过。农业气象灾害、生物灾害、环境灾害三大灾种差异大，各灾种内也极不平衡；它们又有共性，发生频率高，多大灾、连灾及群灾。灾害众多既有客观原因，亦有人为因素，尤其是大规模的屯田和砍伐森林造成地表植被的严重破坏，与农业灾害频繁有密切联系；此外，元代的围湖造田、赋税苛重、

全文：大规模的屯田和砍伐森林造成地表植被的严重破坏，与农业灾害频繁有密切联系；此外，元代的围湖造田、赋税苛重、政治腐败、战争频繁及大量的饥、贫、流民的长期存在等，对农业灾害均有推波助澜的作用。 元统治者为保持

明罗汝敬事功研究

作者： 王敬伟   来源： 兰州大学 年份： 2009 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 罗汝敬   事功   西北开发  

描述： g Bu between Yong Le and Zheng Tong. He had participated in the third recession of ,Ming Dynsty called troops back from An Nan(The Fouth and Fifth Chapter) and affirms his role on the the mutation relationship between Ming Dynasty and An Nan. Luo Rujing took an important part in the development of Shan Xi Military-Farmsettlement for ten years. He had made enormous contribution on Shan Xi Military-Farmsettlement's restoration and water conservancy facilities management. Compared with the later period of Yong Le, Shan Xi military farm settlement has restored greatly on a stage as intermediate period of Xuan De. With Luo Rujing's absent from Shan Xi, Military一Farmsettlement in northwest of Ming Dynasty degraded obviously. "Paeificated Jiao Zhi, Carried out the mission successfully" and had come into ShanXi four times to manage in the opening up wasteland and "He contributes in many aspects".

全文：罗汝敬是明代前期的重要文官,在永乐至正统年间历任侍讲、御史、工部右侍郎等职,曾参与《太祖实录》的第三次修订;两次“抚谕交趾,不辱命”;四次入陕督理屯田,“多所建制”。 本文以罗汝敬的生平为主线,重点

雍正朝西路军需补给研究

作者： 张连银   来源： 厦门大学 年份： 2007 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 西路   雍正朝   军需  

描述： 论文以清代西路军需作为研究对象，以粮食和牲畜为重点，运用历史学的实证法，兼以数据统计，考察雍正朝西路军需补给及河西驻军的军需补给。 全文由绪论、正文和结语三大部分组成，正文又包括六章。 绪论：界定研究对象“西路”、“军需”等概念，介绍了选题缘由及意义；回顾学术史；陈述运用的资料及研究方法。 第一章：

全文：陕甘良好的气候条件为陕甘的粮食生产提供了便利，仓贮、市场、屯田构成了西路军需粮食的补给来源，屯田在军需补给所占的比重是逐渐增强的，由于军需粮石种类不同，具体的粮饷的补给区域不同；军需马驼的补给大多数由鄂尔多斯补给，部分由河南、山西、陕甘供给，而骡头的补给则全赖内地。

两汉护羌校尉研究

作者： 谢绍鹢   来源： 西北大学 年份： 2007 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 设置   羌人   评价   护羌校尉   事迹   官署组织   两汉  

描述： 在叙述两汉时期羌人的分布地域、支系、人口和家庭、牧农业等生计情况、社会性质和奴隶的基础上，指出汉羌的接触交往，即汉人拓地征服、设郡县属国、徙边戍边；羌人的内徙，引发汉羌经济、政治、文化方面的矛盾冲突。 进而分析护羌校尉的设置有外交战略的需要、实际利益的需要、治理的特殊需要。重点探讨其始置时间分歧：武

全文：、使驿(驿使、译)、其他曹掾等。详细考察其军队构成包括：将屯兵、义从兵、属国系统的羌胡骑士、郡县系统的边地骑士、屯田系统的屯田兵等，还涉及具体的兵员数目。 归纳两汉羌人的历次的抗争事件，分析护羌校尉对

明代河州岷州洮州军屯研究

作者： 肖文清   来源： 兰州大学 年份： 2010 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 河州   明代   岷州   洮州   军屯  

描述： y, military and culture in Ming Dynasty。The research on military farming of the Ming Dynasty played the vital role of leading as to the research on the outline the history of the Ming Dynasty. The Military Farming in three states-- He Min and Tao-in Ming Dynasty, as the epitome of the Ming Dynasty Northwest military Farming, has its characteristics. He Min and Tao military farming not only has the common characteristic of that period, but also has its unique distinguishes, because which is located at the junction of the Han and other ethnic groups, within the area lived many ethnic minorities. In this paper, the author analyzes the relevant historical materials and uses theories and methods of history and ethnology to explain the origin, development, characteristics of the military farming. And the author discusses the reasons why they declined in the later years and the impacts in a detailed and intensive way. Based on local historical dates and combined with the same period dates, the article analyze mainly the differences among the three states from its preparation, operation, function and impact aspects and deal with the military system of the Ming Dynasty, migration, defense policy, minority administration and policy, economic strategies.

全文：军屯,是明代西北军事屯田的缩影,具有代表性。处于明代军屯大格局中的河州、岷州、洮州三卫军屯,除具有明代军屯的共同特征外,由于地处汉族与其他民族交界之处,境内少数民族众多,因而又具有区别于其他地区军屯

秦汉时期西部开发的地域差异与文化互动

作者： 邓燕平   来源： 江西师范大学 年份： 2007 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 秦汉时期   地域差异   西部开发   文化互动  

描述： 秦汉时期出于政治统治和军事防御的需要,对西部地区实施了大规模的开发举措。这也是我国历史上西部大开发的第一个黄金时期。由于自然环境、民族族属、生活方式和文化习俗的不同,西部地区可分为西北与西南两个不同的区域。由此导致秦汉政府对这两个区域的治理政策和开发措施的差异。在西北地区为了边防的需要,治理政策主要

全文：的区域。由此导致秦汉政府对这两个区域的治理政策和开发措施的差异。在西北地区为了边防的需要,治理政策主要以军事防御为主,采取了移民实边、军事屯田、修筑道路、实施马政为主要内容的边疆经济开发方针,这也为

文明传播视野下的汉代河西开发

作者： 刘俊玲   来源： 青海师范大学 年份： 2010 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 河西   汉代   开发   文明  

描述： ral environments make the cultural dissemination possible. In archeological materials we can see plenty of Neolithic culture and Bronze culture,which may be nomads. Ywati, Wusun, Hun were lived here.Befor Han Dynastie ,the area was regarded as wild and woolly place.the Hun sprang up during Qin and Han Dynastie, Gansu Corridor became more and more imporant in military and politics affairs. After the establish of Western Han Dynasty ,the imperium rehabilitated for tens of years . Emperor han wudi change the plant to the Hun. I n the second year of yuanshou of Emperor han wudi(121BC),Huoqubing go on an expedition to Gansu Corridor,and wan,because the Hunye king killed the Xiutu king . The Hunye king surrenderred and leaded his man about 40000 .This is significant to the history of culture diaaemination. From then on,Han culture hold the dominant position in the war.The pattern of dissemination were war,politics and valueas.And the policy which Han made decision of the dissemination and the speed. After long time Interaction,the two change the hisroy of this area.Although some rejection and degradation happened,the new trail was certainty. Agricultural civilization took new tools to the area,and finally the Silk Road was freely.It made a contribution to culture dissemination.However,the aggressive e x p a n s i o n m a d e t h e immigrate and armies too huge,and led the crisis of ecologyand resource. Qiang civilians uprising during the Eastern Han Dynastie made the land desertificated. The process was not at one stroke,but a long time. Rely on force was to set up a unified ,multinational country.

全文：,建立了新的生产技术体系,同时也保证了丝绸之路的畅通,为中外文明传播作出了积极的贡献;但是,农业文明的大肆扩张,也使得河西出现了前所未有的生态和资源危机。随着河西屯田的进行,移民和戍卒大量涌入这个资源